Series Introduction
Todd B. Krause and Jonathan Slocum
Armenian is the official language of just just what in current memory was the littlest republic associated with the former Soviet Union, now the southernmost republic associated with Commonwealth of Independent States. The language is talked by roughly four million individuals nevertheless residing in the edges associated with the republic. a group that is small of reside in north-western Iran, plus some communities dot the countryside happen of eastern Turkey. Many emigrees have actually spread the language to all the corners associated with the globe. The first documentary evidence of this Armenians is just a sixth century b.c. inscription in Behistun because of the Persian master Darius I. It had been almost one thousand years, nonetheless, prior to the Armenians by themselves started to place their language to composing, when in 406 or 407 A.D. a priest MaЕЎtКїocКї (also referred to as Mesrop) developed an alphabet that is armenian. One additionally discovers mention of a previous alphabet developed because of the Syriac bishop Daniel, purportedly abandoned as it ended up being ill-suited towards the audio system regarding the language. The language whose documents date returning to this era is termed traditional Armenian. Much later on, within the twelfth to centuries that are seventeenth one finds the legacy of Middle Armenian, whose writers attempted to emulate the form of the Golden Age of Classical Armenian. Between those two time periods one further differentiates two phases associated with the language that is armenian post-Classical, spanning the sixth and 7th hundreds of years, and Pre-Middle Armenian, through the eighth to twelfth centuries. Following the century that is seventeenth Armenian progressed into a contemporary kind which includes split up into two varieties: West Armenian and East Armenian.
Note: this group of classes is for systems/browsers with Unicode В® support, but fonts lacking Armenian figures. Classes rendered in alternative character sets can be obtained via links (Romanized and Unicode 3) when you look at the margin that is upper-left as well as the base of these pages.
Note: this group of classes in Armenian uses Romanized letters as opposed to the conventional alphabet that is armenian. Classes rendered into the old-fashioned alphabet may be accessed through the menu item that is armenian.
Origin and Geographical Location
Relating to Greek mythic tradition, Armenia ended up being known as after Armenus, certainly one of Jason’s Argonauts. Herodotus, composing into the fifth century B.C., states that the Armenians lived in Thrace after which relocated into Phrygia, from where they crossed into the subsequent territory that is armenian. Strabo, composing when you look at the very first century B.C., states that the Armenians joined the territory from two guidelines, one group originating from Phrygia when you look at the western, one other originating from Mesopotamia within the southeast. Although by neither account had been they the initial inhabitants regarding the area, Xenophon documents in 400 B.C. which they appear to have absorbed all the dwellers that are local.
Armenian tradition, recorded involving the 5th and centuries that are eighth, relates the Armenian visitors to the descendants of Noah. Following the Flood, Noah’s family settled in Armenia before moving south to Babylon in successive generations. Certainly one of Noah’s descendants, Haik, returned and revolted to Armenia, pursued by the Babylonian Bel. Haik killed Bel and became ruler regarding the land that is armenian and the descendants of Haik later defended Armenia through the forces of Assyria.
Contemporary scholarly views are only as wide-ranging. a typical view is the fact that Armenians had been of Indo-European stock and joined the region either along with all the Phrygians from the Balkan area or because of the Mitanni from the section of the Aral Sea. They encountered the culture that is urartuan an amount of decrease and finally came to rule over them as well as other Caucasian teams in your community. Another concept attracts on linguistic similarities amongst the language that is armenian the Caucasian languages regarding the area to express that the Armenians had initially been themselves a Caucasian tribe which adopted an Indo-European tongue, and this Caucasian substrate is in charge of the truth that Armenian is pretty genetically separated one of the Indo-European languages. Just one more concept is the fact that the Armenians will be the many inactive people in the first speakers of Proto-Indo-European; that the Indo-European languages originated from the region that is transcaucasian nevertheless the Armenians, whom decided to go with not to ever migrate out from the area, had been marginalized during durations of Hittite and Urartuan dominance. Suffice it to state, the real beginning for the Armenian individuals will remain shrouded in obscurity for quite a while in the future.
The land that is really armenian is a plateau found approximately 5000 foot above ocean degree and hemmed in by mountainous regions. It lies roughly southeast of the Black Sea and southwest regarding the Caspian Sea. The ancient Armenian homeland was somewhat more expansive as compared to modern Armenian Republic, also including most of eastern Turkey, the northeastern part of Iran, and elements of Azerbaijan and Georgia. The Kur River separates the highland region from lowlands which sweep to the Caspian Sea in the northeast. The northern edge is proceeded because of the Pontus mountain range, which stretches west through the supply of the Kur and shields Armenia through the Ebony water. The Taurus and Zagros hill ranges create a boundary that is natural across the whole southern expanse and cutting Armenia removed from Mesopotamia. The Armenian plateau itself is divided by a number of smaller hill ranges that furnish the sources for several unnavigable streams. The northermost portion of the Euphrates would be to form the boundary between Greater and Lesser Armenia into the subsequent imperial battles.
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