2. Materials and methods
Data were collected using the WBQ tool from in the area of Athens, Greece from 473 individuals aged 16–86 (42 ± 18 years) (221 males) in summer and from 511 individuals aged 16–86 (38 ± 20 years) (245 males) in winter, stratified by age and sex according to the Hellenic Statistical Authority . All volunteers were informed on the objectives of the study and the procedures involved and signed an informed consent. The retrieved data were confidential, and the study followed the ethical considerations provided by The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki). The WBQ incorporates a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire validated to record energy intake against three-day diaries (p < 0.001)>
Particularly, this new WBQ provides: (A) data into the profile of new member; (B) recording from consumption into the period of the early in the day week of solid and fluid restaurants, liquids otherwise beverages out of a semi-decimal eating volume questionnaire (FFQ) off 58 snacks verified to own quoting times intake and also the even more glucose and honey that’s added to products; and (C) estimation away from physical working out and their brand new Global Exercise Questionnaire (IPAQ) , which facts lifetime of physical activity in the around three interest membership (intense, moderate, lightweight get it done) otherwise inactive conditions. The latest IPAQ has been validated previously since the a cross-federal means to own recording exercise [20,21,22] and imagine times expenditure.
The energy and you can h2o articles out-of recorded dishes and you can drinks try analyzed using the Diet plan Data Along with (Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc., Belmont, California, USA), and that spends constitution studies on the USDA National Mineral Database and chose Greek dinners (we.age., mousakas, pastitsio, Greek natural yogurt, lentiles kidney beans soups, numerous Greek pies, souvlaki, overflowing tomatoes) . Predicated on total opportunity intake and energy cost, energy balance was examined as well.
Contained in this studies, “drinks” describes fresh fruit juice otherwise packed fruit juice 100% without glucose articles, sugar-sweet drinks (SSDs) (fruit nectar that have sugar, carbonated drinks with sugar and energy/isotonic drinks), low calorie sodas, beverage and you will natural infusions, milk (a myriad of dairy, chocolates milk and you can cocoa take in), milkshake and you may sherbets, coffee and coffees drinks, and you can alcohol (alcohol, drink and all style of alcohol). “Take in energy consumption (DEI)” describes opportunity consumption of drinks “full opportunity intake (TEI)” in order to opportunity intake out of all the supply and “time intake off delicacies” to opportunity consumption from strong and you will liquid delicacies (e.g., soups). New sum off beverages organizations in order to overall opportunity consumption (research off Malisova mais aussi al. 2013), presented due to the fact overall drinking habits (TWI), i.e., liquid off drinks, h2o, good and you will fluid snacks so when drink water intake (DWI), i.age., h2o out of products and you can water.
step three. Mathematical Analysis
Answers are exhibited due to the fact imply ± sd with the generally speaking delivered details and you can average (P25–P75) towards the skewed of these. Normality is looked at utilizing the likelihood–possibilities area (P–P spot) and you can histograms. Differences when considering individuals regarding the overall energy intake, opportunity of products, energy from dishes, times expenditure, opportunity harmony, intake of kissbrides.com pop over to these guys water, drinking water out-of drinking water and you may products, h2o from drinks, liquid off drinking water, drinking water out of snacks, h2o losses and you can liquid harmony was indeed analyzed to the independent sample t-attempt towards the typically marketed variables and Mann-Whittney You-test into the skewed of these. Furthermore, differences when considering new four quartiles of your time out-of drinks were assessed with the that-way ANOVA F-shot to the generally distributed variables additionally the Kruskal-Wallis H Attempt on the skewed of these. Relevance peak is put within 5%. Correlations amongst the sum of drinks so you can water intake in the family relations in order to opportunity for the winter season and you may june was in fact checked-out because of the Pearson’s otherwise Spearman’s relationship coefficients to have usually marketed otherwise skewed variables. Every analytical analyses did playing with PASW Statistics 18 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA).
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